Fiber content plays a major role in both appearance and performance when selecting fabrics for upholstery and floor coverings. While fibers like cotton, wool and traditional rayon are familiar to most people, different variations in the textile industry— such as modal—are important to learn about too.
Modal is a manmade cellulosic fiber which is commonly called rayon, which is known for its smooth texture and soft feel. Understanding modal fabric can help homeowners and designers make informed decisions when choosing and caring for interiors.
What is modal fabric?
Modal was originally developed as a more durable variation of traditional viscose rayon. It is known for its smooth texture, breathability and soft silk touch— which is why it is a popular choice for clothing, bedding and other lightweight textiles.
Although modal fabric is most commonly found in apparel, we occasionally see it in upholstery fabric blends. Because it belongs to the rayon family, modal shares some of the same care considerations, including sensitivity to moisture— meaning cleaning must be performed with caution.
What is modal fabric made of?
Modal fabric is derived from beech tree pulp. The wood pulp is broken down and processed using chemical solutions to create a liquid mixture which is then forced through spinnerets to form fine fibers that will be woven into fabric.
Since modal begins with natural raw materials but is heavily processed during manufacturing, it falls under the manmade cellulosic fiber category.
the history of modal fabric
Modal fabric is considered a second-generation rayon fiber, developed as an improvement to traditional viscose rayon. According to the Textile Exchange, the fiber was first created in Japan in 1951, when textile manufacturers began experimenting with ways to make rayon stronger and more stable— especially when wet but water is still a major problem.
Later, the Austrian company Lenzing began producing modal fibers commercially in the 1960s using wood pulp from beech trees grown in sustainably managed European forests.
Today, modal is valued for its softness, smooth texture, and flexibility, which is why it is commonly used in clothing and soft textiles.
Modal fabric in rugs and upholstery
Modal blends are what will most commonly be found in interior applications. Designers value modal for its silk-like sheen and softness, making it a popular choice for decorative fabrics and accent pieces.
Modal in Rugs
Modal fibers are sometimes used in rugs and are often referred to as “modal silk” due to their lustrous finish that resembles natural silk.
pros of Modal fabric in Rugs
- Extremely soft
- Beautiful silk-like sheen
- Adds visual depth to rugs
- Often blended with more durable fibers like wool
cons of Modal fabric in Rugs
- Expensive price
- 50-80% weaker when wet
- Wetting or improper cleaning methods can permanently damage fibers
Modal in Upholstery
For upholstery fabrics, 100% modal is generally not recommended for furniture that gets regular use. Although modal is stronger than traditional viscose rayon, it is still a delicate fiber compared to most other upholstery materials.
best uses of modal fabric in upholstery
- Blended upholstery fabrics combined with more durable fibers
- Decorative accent furniture
- Low-traffic seating areas
modal fabric considerations
Although modal can be a stunning addition to any room with its shiny, soft fibers, it is extremely delicate and difficult to care for— even when blended with other fibers. Fabric blends are only as strong as the weakest fiber. Although it is a “stronger” alternative to rayon, it is not an ideal fabric for upholstery and rugs that get a lot of traffic.
Before adding any modal or modal blends to your design, ask yourself— “Is the beauty worth the risk of possible damage?”
Fiber-Seal support
If you decide that modal fabric is the right choice for you, Fiber-Seal is here to help you care for it every step of the way. With proper care, fabric protection and professional cleaning, even the most delicate fibers like modal can remain beautiful after use. We specialize in protecting and maintaining fine fabrics so you can enjoy the look and feel of your furnishings without worrying about the risks involved.
